Their relative impact depends on the stage of development of the firm, industry and world economy. Cross cultural management: Explains the behavior of people in organizations around the world an shows people how the work in organizations with employee and client populations from many different cultures. Describes, compares organizational behavior within countries and cultures. Seeks to understand and improve the interaction of co-workers, managers executives, clients, suppliers, and alliance partners from countries and cultures around the world. Parochialism:
Means viewing the world solely trough one''s own eyes and perspective. A person with an parochial perspective neither recognizes other people''s different ways of living and working nor appreciates that such differences can offer significant opportunities or create serious consequences. People in all cultures are, to certain extent, parochial. Global versus organizations: Two differences between global and domestic organizations are geographic dispersion and multiculturalism. Geographic dispersion refers to the spread of global organizations operations over fast distanced worldwide.
To successfully manage the geographical dispersion and multiculturalism of multinational organizations, managers must develop a global mindset. Culture is seen as that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, customs and any capabilities and habits acquired by a person as a member of society. Cultural orientation: Individuals express culture and its normative qualities trough the values they hold about life and the world around them. Behavior - culture - values - attitudes.
A value is that which is explicitly or implicitly desirable to an individual or group hich influences the selection form available modes, means and ends of action. An attitude expresses values and disposes a person to act of to react in a certain way towards something. Behavior is any form of human actions. People''s behavior is defined by their culture. How do cultures vary? Six basic dimensions describe the cultural orientations of societies. 1 . Individual Good 2. World Dominant Good and evil Harmony EVil Subjugation 3. Human relations Individual Laterally Hierarchical 4. Activity 5. Time 6.
Space Doing Future Private Controlling Present Mixed Being Past Public 1 . How people see themselves. 2. People''s relationships to the world. 3. Personal relationships. 4. Doing or being. 5. Past, present, future. 6. Public or private. *Ethnocentrism: feeling superior to other nations. Tasks USA/Germany and - Defining the project Relationship Oriented cultures - Defining the chief of the project - Look for the the problem solver. Dimensions of Hofstede: 1 . Career success Masculinity Assertiveness Independence Task oriented Self-achievements Quality of life Feminity Workgroups to enhance Job satisfaction 2.
Uncertainty avoidance Feeling uncertain in unpredictable situations Favor conformity and safe behavior Not accepting risks Many bureaucratic rules Rely on rituals, formulas and standards 3. Power distance Status conscious Respectful of age and seniority Hierarchy is important 4. Individualism Task before relationship Independency is highly valued Collectivism Sharply distinguish Conformity dominates Take care of oneself Self actualization Self motivation Minimize conflicts Use solution Show more concern for the needs of others People are 5. Truth telling Loyalty Truth goes for anything else Can''t ne trusted, always help each other
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